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3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

Patented Feb. 13, 1894.

E. ASHWORTH 8a A. H.- OLDHAM. SBLVAGE FORMING APPARATUS FOR LOOMS.

(No Model.)

THE mmomu. LITHOQRAFRIHG COMPANY,

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a Shets-$heet 2.

E. ASHWORTH 8B A. H. OLDHAM. SELVAGE FORMING APPARATUS FOR LUOMS.

No. 514,433. Patented Feb. 13, 189.4,

(No Model.)

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

HASHWORTH' 8a A. H. OLDHAM. SELVAGE FORMING APPARATUS FOR LOOMS.

Patented Feb. 13, 1894.

FIG- 9.

FIG--10.

Z WM UNITED STATES PATENT union. I

EDWIN ASHWORTH AND ARGHIBALD H. OLDHAM, OF ROOI-IDALE, ASSIGNORS TO ROBERT HALL 85 SONS, F BURY, ENGLAND.

SELVAGE-FORMING APPARATUS FOR LOOMS.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 514,433, dated February 13, 1894. Application filed August 9, 1893. Serial No. 482,710. (No model.) Patented in England August 27, 1891, No, 14,474.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, EDWIN ASHWOBTH and ARCHIBALD HARDWICK OLDHAM, both subjects of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Rochdale, in the county of Lancaster, England, have invented-certain new and useful Improvements in Selvage-Forming Apparatus for Looms, (for which we have obtained Letters Patent in Great Britain, No. 14,4:74, hearing date August 27, 1891,) of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to improvements in selvage forming apparatus applicable to looms and is adapted to form two selvages at one and the same time, that is, a selvage on two pieces or widths of cloth being woven side by side in a loom.

Our improved apparatus consists of an arrangement which is adapted to be placed between the front heald and the reed of the loom, and through which apparatus certain threads are threaded direct from the warp beam, also certain shed threads which latter threads are so operated by the healds as to interweave the ends of the weft thread, which weft thread has been previously drawn into the space between the two selvages and cut, the said severed ends being twisted around stationary or selvage threads in order to form a selvage on each piece of cloth.

In order that our invention may be fully understood and readily carried into effect We will describe the accompanying three sheets of drawings reference being had to the figures marked thereon.

Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of part of a loom to which our improvements are applied, the frame being shown in dotted lines, in order that the improved selvage forming apparatus may be seen clearly, and Fig. 1 is a sectional plan of part of Fig. 1. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the selvage forming apparatus. Figs. 3, 3 and 4, are three views of parts of the apparatus. Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 are detail views showing the positions of the selvage threads, needle threads and one weft thread. Figs. 9 and 10 are two views of the cutting instrument for dividing or cutting the weft threads.

The selvage motion is bolted to the loom frame, as shown by Fig. 1, by means of bolts or arms 1 which pass through the cross girder 2 of the loom frame; these arms carry two bobbins 3 as well as supporting a bracket 4:, to which is secured a piece 5 on which is fulcrumed a lever 6, connected at one end by a rod 7 to an eccentric 8 mounted on the crankshaft 9 or other convenient rotating shaft; to the bracket 4 is also secured a plate 10 to the lower portion of which is secured a curved plate 10 the plate 10 is slotted at 10 and it passes between the front heald shaft and the reed 12, carried by the sley 13, actuated in the usual manner, well understood, by lathe swords, which are omitted for the sake of clearness, and as not forming part of our improvements.

The plate 10 should be fixed so that the top of the opening or slot 10 is about half an inch below the top shed of the warp threads when the shed is fully open. The eccentric 8 is fixed to the crank shaft 9 so that it will be at the top of its stroke when the reed 12 is completely back and the shuttle, not shown, is passing across the sley13, see Fig.1. Two needles 16 are secured to one end of the oscillating lever 6 and are guided in the eye 16*; a thread 17 is passed from one bobbin 3 through an eye at the bottom of one needle 16 and a thread 17 from the other bobbin 3 through the other needle eye; these needle eyes guide their threads 17 to the bottom of the shed when the reed 12 is completely at the back as seen in Fig. 1.

When the reed 12 is at the front extremity and the shed is changing, the eyes of the neodles 16 are slightly above the top of the shed and they do not begin to move down until the shed is fully open. Underneath the sley 13 is a piece of wood 18 long enough so that when the sley is at the front extremity, see the dotted lines in Fig. 1, it will push the spring piece 19, bolted to the lower portion of the loom frame, far enough to prevent a knife 20, mounted in a slideway in the temple bracket 21, coming into contact with the reed.

In applying our improved selvage motion to a loom one more warp thread will be required for each selvage than there are healds to the pattern and these extra threads are wound on to the beam 22 with the warp. For instance, if the goods are being woven with two heald shafts then two multiplied by three equals six, which will be the number of warp threads required. For three shafts eight warp threads will be required for the two selvages, and for four shafts ten warp threads and so on.

In addition to the foregoing one thread from each bobbin 3 is required for each selvage.

Fig. 1 represents the order of drawing the warp threads to form the two selvages into the healds and into the slot 10 in the plate 10, the said plate 10, curved plate 10 and the reed 12, being shown in section. Two threads 23 are drawn from the warp beam 22 through both heald shafts and a thread 24 for each selvage is also drawn from the warp beam 22; the latter threads 24 do not pass through eyes in the healds but are passed directly through the slot 10 in the plate 10 and through small holes 25 in the curved plate 10.

When drawing the main warp through the healds 11 it is desirable to leave a few spare heald eyes empty in order to have a free space 28 of about three-eighths of an inch for the knife, see Fig. 10. The threads 17 from the bobbins 3 pass into the shed through the eyes in the needles 16 and these threads 17 receive the necessary tension by means of small weights 26 applied to the bobbins 3.

If the goods being woven are made in four heald shafts in place of two shafts as described, the only change necessary is that four threads, one from each' heald shaft, are drawn through the slot 10 in the plate 10; and for each selvage all the threads forming the same are drawn through the same dentin the reed as shown in Fig. 1.

The operation is as follows:Through the slot 10 in the plate 10 and through each of the eyes 25 of the plate 10" is passed directly a thread 24 from the warp beam and also through the opening 10 in the plate 10 two shed threads 23, such threads being in proximity to the outermost threads of the two warps from which separate pieces of cloth are being woven; the outer threads 24 are held in a stationary position, that is, the said threads are not actuated by the healds but, being threaded throughthe eyes 25, the said outer threads 24 are the threads on which the two or twin selvages are to be formed, or over which the cut extremities of the weft threads are to be turned or laid. The two or more shed threads 23 which are passed from the warp on the warp beam through the opening 10 in the plate 10, pass then out on each side of the curvilinear plate 10 and having been previously passed through the healds form part of the shed, the one series of threads 23 of the one warp bearing on the one side of the curvilinear plate 10 and the other threads 23 on the other side, see Fig. 1, consequently the said threads are caused to traverse the sides of the curvilinear plate 10* when actuated by the healds to the extent of the shed space or opening.

Fig. 5 represents part of theback plate 10 and front curved plate 10 with the needles 16, the threads 23 which pass through the slot 10 shown in dotted lines, and thence over the plate 10, also the selvage threads 24, which pass direct from the warp beam through the holes 25 in the plate 10 In Fig. 6 the back plate 10 is omitted, the needle threads 17 are shown outside the two upper threads 23 which liein the contracted portion of the plate 10 the lower .threads 23 being shown below the curved wide part of the said plate; when the healds with the upper and lower threads 23 are moved vertically these threads 23 pass outside the threads 24 and at each up ward and downward movement of the healds the threads 23 are caused to assume positions, first on the outside and'then on the inside of the selvage threads 24. \Vhile the threads are in the position shown in Fig. 6 the needles 16 descend between the upper threads 23 and the threads 24 the needles being mounted so as to pass into and out of the shed while the upper threads'23 remain in this position. When the needles have descended into the shed and below the weft thread 27 their threads 17 on the ascent of the needles are caused to engage with and to lift or raise the weft thread 27 into the selvage, see Fig. 7, and while inthis position the weft thread is cut by the knife 20,-see Fig. 10. This knife is thrust against the weft tocut it by the return of the spring support 19 to normal position after having been pressed back by the sley. The cutting is done forward of the reed or between the reed and the breast beam and although th'eneedles 16 operate in rear of the reed, the needle threads 17 as shown in Fig. 1, extend forward from their lower ends through the reed and under the weft threads to the fabric so that when the threads are lifted the weft threads will be raised in front of the reed and near the knife. After the weft thread 27 has been cut its severed ends see Fig. 8, are turned inward and over the selvage threads 24 by the needle threads 17 which pass into the cloth and are woven into it at the selvage to form a permanent part of the fabric. When the shed changes, the upper threads 23 are moved downward over the widest part of the plate 10 and on to the sev: ered ends of the weft thread and the lower threads 23 pass upward, the ends of the Weft thread by this means becoming interlocked or woven into the cloth and thus the selv'ages, one on each piece of cloth are formed. This action is about to be performed in Fig. 8, the turned back cut ends of the weft being indicated at 27 Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, 1s-

1. In a twin or double selvage forming apparatus the combination with the curvilinear piece or front plate 10 having eyes 25 and the back piece 10 having a slot or opening 10*, of the vertically moving needles 16 and means for raising and lowering the same, the said plates being so arranged that the slotted plate 10 w ll guide the threads to the eyes 25 and curved edges of the plate 10 substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.

In combination, the plate 10 having guide eyes for the stationary threads, and the curved bearing edges for the heald threads, the vertically movable needles 16 adapted to carry needle threads and the healds for movmg the heald threads, vertically, substantially as described.

3. In combination, the guide plate 10 for the stationary threads having a curved bearng edge for the heald threads, the reciprocatingneedles 16,-the sliding cutting knife, the spring arm attached thereto and the projection on the sley arranged to throw said knife back as it heats up the wefhsubstantially as described.

4. In combination, the healds, the guide plate for the threads and the reciprocating needles adapted to form the selvages, the movable knife and the sley and the means for returning the knife to its cutting position for severing the weft thread, said knife being arranged in front of the sley to be operated from its cutting position by the forward movement of the sley.

5. In combination, the healds for the heald threads, the guiding means for said threads and for the stationary threads, whereby said heald threads are moved within and outside of the vertical planes of the stationary thread as the shed is changed, and the movableneedies 16 arranged to work in between the said heald and stationary threads, substantially as described.

In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands in presence of two witnesses.

EDWIN ASHW'ORTH. AROHIBALD H. OLDHAM.

Witnesses:

H. B. BARLOW, S. W. GILLETT. 

